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Rudolph Steiner (1861-1925), who was at the time the Secretary General
of the German branch of the Theosophical Society, was chartered in 1906
as Deputy Grand Master of a subordinate O.T.O./Memphis/Mizraim Chapter
and Grand Council called "Mystica Aeterna" in Berlin. Steiner went on
to found the Anthroposophical Society in 1912, and ended his association
with Reuss in 1914.
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On June 24, 1908, Dr. Gérard Encausse (Papus,
1865-1916) organized an "International Masonic and Spiritualist
Conference" in Paris, which Reuss attended. At this conference,
Encausse received, for no money, a patent from Reuss to establish
a "Supreme Grand Council General of the Unified Rites of Antient
and Primitive Masonry for the Grand Orient of France and its
Dependencies at Paris." The year before, Encausse, along with
Jean Bricaud (1881-1934) and Louis-Sophrone Fugairon (b. 1846),
had organized l'Église Catholique Gnostique, the Gnostic
Catholic Church, as a schism of l'Église Gnostique,
a neo-Albigensian church founded in Paris in 1890 by Jules
Doinel (1842-1903). It is believed that Reuss received episcopal
consecration and primatial authority in l'Église Catholique
Gnostique from Encausse and Bricaud at this conference.
Encausse's involvement in O.T.O., per se, is unclear.
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Also at this conference, Dr. Arnold Krumm-Heller (Huiracocha,
1879-1949) was chartered as Reuss's official representative for
Latin America. Krumm-Heller developed his own order called Fraternitas
Rosicruciana Antiqua (F.R.A.). According to his son, Parsival, he
never founded any O.T.O. Lodges, initiated any members into O.T.O.,
or appointed any O.T.O. officers.
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O.T.O. under Reuss and Crowley
As a journalist, Reuss travelled frequently to England. On one such trip,
he met Aleister Crowley (Baphomet, Oct. 12, 1875 - Dec. 1, 1947),
whom he admitted to the three degrees of O.T.O. in 1910. On April 21,
1912, Reuss issued a charter to Crowley, for no money, appointing him
National Grand Master General X° of O.T.O. for Great Britain and Ireland.
Crowley's appointment included authority over an English language rite
of the lower (Masonic) degrees of O.T.O. which was given the name "Mysteria
Mystica Maxima," or M MM.
On June 1, 1912, a National Grand Lodge for the Slavonic
Countries was established under Czeslaw Czynski. Franz Hartmann died on
August 7, 1912. In September of 1912, Reuss published the "Jubilee Edition"
of the Oriflamme, which was the first issue of the Oriflamme to
discuss O.T.O. in any detail, and it was almost entirely devoted to O.T.O.
matters. Kellner, Reuss and Crowley were listed as X° members of O.T.O.
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